Thus, a next-generation replacement factory networking technology will have a hugely important role to play in the fabric of the emerging factory systems, which will expect seamless integration of IT and OT applications. The current industrial revolution in moving to Industry 4.0, where systems require more seamless integration from the sensor level to the cloud. This has led to the proliferation of multivendor technologies with contrived solutions to achieve interoperability, which results in high costs and restrains the IIoT potential capabilities. However, because the series does not represent a single common network protocol, different Ethernet-based network solutions cannot easily coexist in a common network system infrastructure, and thus, are not interoperable with each other. The standardization of fieldbus systems over the past decades represents a family of solutions, generally based on real time Ethernet (RTE) networks, standardized by the international electrotechnical commission (IEC) in the 61784/61158 ( IEC Standard, 2019) series. In this paper, an outline description of an experimental system for the OPC UA TSN is described to demonstrate one approach to developing a three-layer factory network system with emphasis on the field layer’s performance. This scheme is emerging as the successor technology beyond current day factory network solutions, working towards meeting the infrastructural requirements in the context of Industry 4.0 and IIoT and further leveraging the cost benefits of standard Ethernet hardware. A promising next-generation solution is described, open platform communications unified architecture (OPC UA) framework, merged with the time-sensitive networking (TSN), referred to as OPC UA TSN ( Bruckner et al., 2019). This paper reviews the earlier background of the international standardisation work in the area of industrial communication networks for factory automation that has led to today’s technologies and highlights the reasons why the current factory network solutions fall short of the requirements for the forthcoming Industry 4.0 era, where integrated communication and data infrastructures are required, that seamlessly merge the information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) applications in real time. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Copyright © 2021, Hristo Trifonov and Donal Heffernan.
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